SFTP(SSHによって暗号化されたFTP通信)でファイル転送環境を構築します。
設定については、こちらのサイトを参考にしました。
[Ubuntu] vsftpdの設定メモ - Qiita
はじめにローカルネットワーク上のサブマシンとのデータのやり取りが面倒でしたのでFTPで行う事にしました。その時の設定のメモです。基本的に以下の記述をそのまま実行しただけです。https://…
qiita.com
対象者
こんな方向けの内容です。
- Ubuntu 24.04 LTSでSFTPを使ってサーバーにファイル転送したい方
- 初心者で自分だけがサーバーと通信する方
vsftpdのインストール
FTPをするためにLinux側で必要になるアプリケーションがvsftpdです。
これをインストールします。
# apt -y install vsftpd# apt -y install vsftpd
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
vsftpd
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 56 not upgraded.
Need to get 120 kB of archives.
After this operation, 312 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 vsftpd amd64 3.0.5-0ubuntu3 [120 kB]
Fetched 120 kB in 1s (117 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package vsftpd.
(Reading database ... 106479 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../vsftpd_3.0.5-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vsftpd (3.0.5-0ubuntu3) ...
Setting up vsftpd (3.0.5-0ubuntu3) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
Processing triggers for man-db (2.12.0-4build2) ...
Scanning processes...
Scanning candidates...
Scanning linux images...
Pending kernel upgrade!
Running kernel version:
6.8.0-31-generic
Diagnostics:
The currently running kernel version is not the expected kernel version
6.8.0-35-generic.
Restarting the system to load the new kernel will not be handled automatically,
so you should consider rebooting.
Restarting services...
Service restarts being deferred:
/etc/needrestart/restart.d/dbus.service
systemctl restart getty@tty1.service
systemctl restart serial-getty@ttyS0.service
systemctl restart systemd-logind.service
systemctl restart unattended-upgrades.service
No containers need to be restarted.
No user sessions are running outdated binaries.
No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.vsftpdのバージョン確認
# vsftpd -v# vsftpd -v
vsftpd: version 3.0.5vsftpdの起動
インストール時に起動されていると思いますが、念のため起動させます。
# systemctl start vsftpdvsftpdの自動起動
サーバーを再起動した際にvsftpdが起動されるように設定します。
# systemctl enable vsftpd# systemctl enable vsftpd
Synchronizing state of vsftpd.service with SysV service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable vsftpdSSL用証明書の準備
SSH通信をするので、証明書を準備します。
コマンドを実行すると途中から入力を要求してきますので、赤字のコメントを参考にしながら入力してください。
# openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem -out /etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem# openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem -out /etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem
.+...+....+...+..+..........+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*....+...+.....+.......+...+..+.......+.........+..+...+.......+..+.+..+....+.........+...........+....+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*........+.+........+...+...+.......+.....+.........+.+..+...+.............+............+..+...+....+........+.+......+...............+...+.....+......+....+..+......+...+......+...................+..+.......+...+..+.............+.........+.........+..+.......+...+.......................+.......+..+.......+...+..+...+...+...+.+...+.....+.+....................+......+...+...+...+.......+.....+....+...+..+....+...............+..+....+..................+...+..+.......+...+...+...............+..............+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
...+.....+......+...+.+........+.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*..+.......+........+.+.....+...+.............+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*...+....+..+.+...............+.....+............+...+.......+.....+.......+...+......+..+...+................+.........+..+...+.+...+..+...+...+....+...+.................+.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:JP ←日本であるJPを入力
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Osaka ←組織/個人の所在都道府県
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Minoh-city ←組織/個人の所在市
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: ←組織名(個人ならスキップ）
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: ←組織名(個人ならスキップ）
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:rm-engineering.info ←ドメイン
Email Address []: ←スキップこれで/etc/ssl/private/にvsftpd.pemが生成されました。
設定ファイルのバックアップ
# cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf_defaultviエディタでvsftpd.confの編集
vi /etc/vsfptd.conf青字の部分が追加修正した箇所になります。
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
xferlog_std_format=NO
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
#rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem
#rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem
#ssl_enable=NO
ssl_enable=YES
allow_anon_ssl=NO
force_local_data_ssl=YES
force_local_logins_ssl=YES
ssl_sslv2=NO
ssl_sslv3=NO
ssl_tlsv1=YES
require_ssl_reuse=NO
ssl_ciphers=HIGH
#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YESvsfptdの再起動
設定を反映させるためにvsftpdを再起動させます。
systemctl restart vsftpdこれでSFTPで通信ができるようになりました。
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